3. Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae
4. Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause
5. Mucus helps in protecting against pathogens by
6. Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to
7. Which of these cytokines is also known under the name cachectin?
8. Which is not a major defense mechanism in the stomach?
9. The agent responsible for causing mad cow disease is thought to be a
10. The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin
11. Coxsackie virus B3, a subgroup of enteroviruses, commonly causes
12. Prontosil is
13. All infections do not cause fever and all fevers are not due to infections which of the following is an example of non-infections cause of fever?
14. Immunization with which of the following toxoid induces high titer serum antibody, but does not protect from the corresponding disease?
15. Which of the following statements is not true regarding Mycobacterium tuberculosis and/or the disease it causes?
16. What is common in catheters and ventilators?
17. An important host defense of human beings is a dense resident microbiota associated with
18. Lactoferrin helps to protect against pathogens by
19. The influenza vaccine is administered each year because
20. Which of the following disease is caused by DNA viruses?
21. Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?
22. Fatalities following influenza infection are usually due to the
23. Which of the following disease is not caused by microbial protein toxin?
24. In the human disease cholera, what is it that actually ends up killing the victim?
25. Each of the 3 virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis i.e. the capsule, edema toxin and lethal toxin can affect the activity of